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Alex Bliss Jeanne Dekerle 《Measurement in physical education and exercise science》2019,23(2):118-123
Knee flexor and extensor muscular assessment via isokinetic dynamometry is common practice and established in the research literature. However, reporting assessment methodology regarding reciprocal and nonreciprocal movements is often vague or absent. Such methodological issues are crucial for accurate assessments. Therefore, knee extensor and flexor peak moment using either reciprocal movement or nonreciprocal modalities was assessed. Fifteen participants performed three blocks of five concentric muscle actions at three angular velocities [1: nonreciprocal (maximal active flexion followed by passive extension); B2: reciprocal (maximal active extension followed by maximal active flexion); B3 nonreciprocal (maximal active extension followed by passive flexion)]. ANOVA revealed statistically significant within-subject modality effects for peak knee extensor moment and flexor velocity and modality differences (p < .05). Reciprocal and nonreciprocal assessments give significantly different results, with nonreciprocal giving higher peak moments. Reporting which modality is used is crucial to allow for greater clarity for the reader and practitioner. 相似文献
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Christian Swann Lee Crust Patricia Jackman Stewart A. Vella Mark S. Allen Richard Keegan 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(23):2272-2280
Clutch performance is improved performance under pressure. However, little research has examined the psychological state experienced by athletes in these situations. Therefore, this study qualitatively examined the subjective experience underlying clutch performance across a range of sports (e.g., team, individual) and standards (Olympic to recreational athletes). Sixteen athletes (Mage = 27.08 years; SD = 6.48) took part in in-depth, semi-structured interviews primarily after an exceptional performance (M = 4.38 days later; SD = 3.14). Data were analysed inductively and thematically. Clutch states involved 12 characteristics, including heightened and deliberate concentration, intense effort, and heightened awareness, which distinguished the experience of clutch from other optimal psychological states such as flow. Other characteristics, such as perceptions of control, were also reported and supported previous experimental research on clutch. These findings present in-depth qualitative insights into the psychological state underlying clutch performance, and are discussed in relation to the existing literature on optimal psychological states in sport. 相似文献
14.
Richard Michael Page Ben Langley Mitchell James Finlay Matt Greig Christopher Brogden 《Journal of sports sciences》2020,38(5):568-575
ABSTRACTThis study aimed to assess the effect of playing surface (Natural [NT] and Artificial [AT] Turf) on the fatigue response to a soccer-specific exercise protocol (SSEP). Eighteen male soccer players completed the SSEP on NT and AT with pre-, post-, and 48 h post-assessments of eccentric knee flexor (eccKF) and concentric knee extensor peak torque (PT), peak countermovement (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) height, and Nordic hamstring break angle. No significant main effects for surface or any surface and time interactions were observed for any of the outcome measures, except for eccKF PT recorded at 3.14 rad·s-1, which was significantly lower 48 h post-trial in the AT condition (AT = 146.3 ± 20.4 Nm; NT = 158.8 ± 24.7 Nm). Main effects for time were observed between pre- and post-trial measures for eccKF PT at all angular velocities, Nordic break angle, CMJ and SJ height. Nordic break angle, and both CMJ and SJ height were significantly impaired 48 h post-trial when compared to pre-trial. The findings of the current study suggest surface dependent changes in eccKF PT which may have implications for recovery and subsequent performance after competition on AT. 相似文献
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氧自由基代谢中微量元素的作用机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
梅光泉 《襄樊职业技术学院学报》2004,3(1):1-3
对铜锌超氧化物歧化酶、锰超氧化物歧化酶和铁超氧化物歧化酶等三种金属蛋白酶的活性结构及酶蛋白中金属离子催化氧自由基的机理进行了综述。 相似文献
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Abbie E. Smith-Ryan Eric T. Trexler Hailee L. Wingfield Malia N.M. Blue 《Journal of sports sciences》2016,34(21):2038-2046
The purpose of this study was to evaluate two practical interval training protocols on cardiorespiratory fitness, lipids and body composition in overweight/obese women. Thirty women (mean ± SD; weight: 88.1 ± 15.9 kg; BMI: 32.0 ± 6.0 kg · m2) were randomly assigned to ten 1-min high-intensity intervals (90%VO2 peak, 1 min recovery) or five 2-min high-intensity intervals (80–100% VO2 peak, 1 min recovery) or control. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), peak power output (PPO), body composition and fasting blood lipids were evaluated before and after 3 weeks of training, completed 3 days per week. Results from ANCOVA analyses demonstrated no significant training group differences for any primary variables (P > 0.05). When training groups were collapsed, 1MIN and 2MIN resulted in a significant increase in PPO (?18.9 ± 8.5 watts; P = 0.014) and time to exhaustion (?55.1 ± 16.4 s; P = 0.001); non-significant increase in VO2 peak (?2.36 ± 1.34 ml · kg?1 · min?1; P = 0.185); and a significant decrease in fat mass (FM) (??1.96 ± 0.99 kg; P = 0.011). Short-term interval exercise training may be effective for decreasing FM and improving exercise tolerance in overweight and obese women. 相似文献
19.
钙在人体中起着重要的生理调节功能,它几乎参与了人体的所有代谢过程,体内缺钙会影响健康,甚至引起疾病,而如何补钙又是很多人所未知的,所以出现了很多盲目补钙的现象。应全面认识缺钙的原因及危害,并了解如何合理而经济的补钙,把握补钙的正确途径。 相似文献
20.
李锋 《华东师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2005,37(5):59-65
在刘勰看来,以往文学发展的状态的变化,其实质都是因为文质互为量变而形成的递进和衰退。准确地说,他认为:在商周之前,是一个递进的过程,而从商周以后则是一段衰退的历史。那么,商周就成了实际意义上文质彬彬的顶峰。然而,文质无法达到绝对的平衡,商周的“丽而雅”已经开始显示出文进质退的趋势。所以,不可否认,商周实际上又成为文胜质的拐点。文学的发展,在商周之后,便逐步走上了“从质至讹,弥近弥澹”的道路。 相似文献